Publikacje naukowe Lucjan Gucma
Tytuł monografii: Risk Management in the Area of Bridges Situated on Waterways in Respect to ship Collisions
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: MUS Publishing House Szczecin 2024
Rok: 2024
Słowa kluczowe:
Abstrakt: -
Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: Monografie (pm.szczecin.pl)
ISBN 978-83-64434-54-9
Tytuł: The application of mixed reality and UAS technology in port decision-making process based on PASSport project
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Bartosz Muczyński, Mateusz Bilewski, Maciej Gucma, Marco Nisi
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2024
Słowa kluczowe: Galileo, Decision Making Process, MARPOL, Head Mounted Display (HMD), Digital Twin, Mixed Reality, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), European Space Agency (EUSPA)
Abstrakt: It is becoming increasingly important to provide a solution for managing the present mission and status of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles operating on site in large and complex port locations. More ports are implementing digital twin systems, which provide a complete 3D reconstruction of the port as well as real-time data on all objects and actions in progress. It is challenging to provide all relevant data in a way that improves situational awareness and decision-making, resulting in improved management and a faster, more effective response during an emergency. This is due to greater port areas and drones operating in the air, on the water's surface, and underneath. To solve this issue, the PASSport initiative, a project financed by the European Space Agency (EUSPA), is developing an innovative solution based on Mixed Reality (MR) technology. The solution combines real-time geo-tagged and Earth Observation data to provide end users with enhanced 3D representation of the port area via a dedicated Head Mounted Display (HMD) that records user location and movement.
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DOI: 10.12716/1001.18.01.11
Tytuł: AIS data manipulation in the illicit global oil trade
Autor/Autorzy: Andrej Androjna, Ivica Pavic, Lucjan Gucma, Peter Vidmar, Marko Perkovic
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Rok: 2023
Słowa kluczowe: automatic identification system (AIS), tankers, falsification, spoofing and jamming
Abstrakt: This article takes a close look at the landscape of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing. It is well known that automated identification system (AIS) spoofing can be used for electronic warfare to conceal military activities in sensitive sea areas; however, recent events suggest that there is a similar interest of spoofing AIS signals for commercial purposes. The shipping industry is currently experiencing an unprecedented period of deceptive practices by tanker operators seeking to evade sanctions. Last year’s announcement of a price cap on Russian crude oil and a new ban on Western companies insuring Russian cargoes is setting the stage for an increase in illegal activity. Our research team identified and documented the AIS position falsification by tankers transporting Russian crude oil in closed ship-to-ship (STS) oil transfers. The identification of the falsified positions is based on the repeated instances of discrepancies between AIS location suggestions and satellite radar imagery indications. Using the data methods at our disposal, we reconstructed the true movements of certain tankers and encountered some surprising behavior. These false ship positions make it clear that we need effective tools and strategies to ensure the reliability and robustness of AISs.
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DOI: 10.3390/jmse12010006
Tytuł: Prediction of ship domain on coastal waters by using AIS data
Autor/Autorzy: Burak Kundakci, Selcuk Nas, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Ocean Engineering
Rok: 2023
Słowa kluczowe: ship domain, marine traffic, AIS data
Abstrakt: Ship domain is crucial for collosion risk assessments and may vary depending on the navigation area. In this study, an empirical ship domain model for coastal waters is proposed. The proposed ship domain model is planned to reveal the ship domain model for an area where no traffic separation scheme exists. In the study, dodecagon ship domain for different type and size of vessels was created. One-year (11 month) of vessel encounters were analyzed and ship domain boundaries are prepared by considering different safety criteria. The passages of the vessel from forward, aft, port, and starboard were also statistically analyzed and the changes in ship domain dimensions according to the ship type and size are revealed. This model shows the vessels behavior regardless of traffic separation rules.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113921
Tytuł: Statistical model of ship delays on the fairway in terms of restrictions resulting from the port regulations: case study of Świnoujście-Szczecin fairway
Autor/Autorzy: Irmina Durlik, Lucjan Gucma, Tymoteusz Miller
Miejsce publikacji: Applied Sciences
Rok: 2023
Słowa kluczowe: vessel traffic, simulation model, vessels` delays, regression analysis
Abstrakt: The article describes a study of ship delays on the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway observed by the VTS operator. The research has led to an understanding of the factors that affect delays of ships calling at the ports of Szczecin and Police, as well as the possibilities of predicting and preventing these delays. This article presents the results of the study on the traffic intensity on the investigated waterway and the process of identifying the port regulation that causes the most frequent delays. Based on the obtained results from the statistical analysis and from using multiple regression, a statistical model has been developed that has the ability to estimate expected delays. Additionally, the model has been expanded to calculate financial losses resulting from delays, taking into account the daily cost of maintaining the studied ships. The study took place during ongoing project “Modernization of the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway to a depth of 12.5 m” but does not include delays resulting from this project.
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DOI: 10.3390/app13095271
Tytuł: The collision risk management method for ships navigating on coastal waters based on probabilistic domain and near-miss concept
Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Diana Kotkowska, Lucjan Gucma,
Miejsce publikacji: European Research Studies Journal
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: ship domain, ship collision, AIS data analysis, near-miss of collison
Abstrakt: The purpose of the paper is to present an innovative method of identification of navigational near-misses on the basis of a probabilistic domain, which can be used to assess the safety of navigation and to discover places potentially dangerous for navigation. Design/Methodology/Approach: Probabilistic domain construction based on a large amount of AIS data in a selected navigational area. Findings: In order to build and develop methods to assess the safety of navigation, ship probabilistic domains for three types of vessel encounter situations have been determined based on the AIS traffic monitoring data. Domains have been constructed for vessels moving in open waters with high traffic density in the Southern Baltic Sea. Practical Implications: One of the most important concepts concerning the safety of navigation at sea is the ship domain. The authors believe that data from vessel monitoring systems can be used to determine the limits of distances between passing vessels that are characteristic of specific water areas and fully take into account all factors influencing navigational decisions. Originality/Value: The novelty presented in the article is the method of navigational near-misses identification based on the probabilistic ship domain, which is universal for all vessels in a selected area.
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DOI: 10.35808/ersj/2567
Tytuł: Modeling of vessel traffic flow for waterway design–port of Świnoujście case study
Autor/Autorzy: Agnieszka Nowy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Andrej Androjna, Marko Perkovič, Jure Srše
Miejsce publikacji: Applied Sciences-Basel
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: probabilistic model, safety of navigation, vessel traffic flow, Świnoujście approach
Abstrakt: The paper presents an analysis of ship traffic using the port of Świnoujście and the problems associated with modelling vessel traffic flows. Navigation patterns were studied using the Automatic Identification System (AIS); an analysis of vessel traffic was performed with statistical methods using historical data; and the paper presents probabilistic models of the spatial distribution of vessel traffic and its parameters. The factors that influence the spatial distribution were considered to be the types of vessels, dimensions, and distances to hazards. The results show a correlation between the standard deviation of the traffic flow, the vessel sizes, and the distance to the hazard.These can be used in practice to determine the safety of navigation and the design of non-existing waterways and to create a general model of vessel traffic flow. The creation of the practical applications is intended to improve navigation efficiency, safety, and risk analysis in any particular area.
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DOI: 10.3390/app11178126
Tytuł: South Baltic Oil Spill Response Project (SBOIL) — Development and Implementation of Models of Drift and Fall
Trajectories of Biogenic Oil Binders
Autor/Autorzy: Fokke Saathoff, Marcus Siewert, Marcin Przywarty, Mateusz Bilewski, Bartosz Muczyński, Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Sustainability
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: oil spills, marine pollution, biogenicoil binder, oil recovery system
Abstrakt: This paper presents the methodology, assumptions, and functionalities of an application developed during the realization of the project “South Baltic Oil Spill Response through Clean-up with Biogenic Oil Binders” (SBOIL). The SBOIL project is a continuation of the BioBind project, the primary goal of which was to develop and deploy an oil recovery system designed for use in coastal waters and adverse weather conditions. The goal of the SBOIL project was to use this new technology to improve the current response capabilities for cross-border oil spills. The developed application allows for the determination of the position of an aircraft at the time of dropping the oil binders, the determination of the oil binders’ position after falling in terms of a specific aircraft’s position, the determination of the position of oil binders after a certain time in order to plan the action of recovering it from the water surface, and the determination of the time when the binders will be in their assumed position.
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DOI: 10.3390/su13179889
Tytuł: Simulation-based performance assessment framework for optimizing port investment
Autor/Autorzy: Quy Nguyen Minh, Rehan Sadig, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Waterway, Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering/ Vol. 147 issue 4 - July 2021
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: simulation model; traffic flow; ship maneuvering; approach channel; operational safety; port capacity; maritime simulation.
Abstrakt: This paper demonstrated a new framework for port investment optimization that includes a three-stage process. First, a performance-based approach was applied to determine the margins of ship responses under external impacts and thereby establish operational safety policies. Second, a discrete event simulation model for assessing port performance was developed under various investment scenarios. A complex system of different underwater structures and port processes (such as access channel, water basin, anchorage area, tug usage, and mooring facility) was included in the model together with traffic rules and operational safety criteria. Finally, we generated optimal investment planning through cost strategy analysis. Our case study of Lien Chieu Port showed that the new framework is practical and effective in optimizing port investment by balancing between the port dimensions and cargo handling rates. The accuracy of the proposed approach could be further enhanced by introducing additional practical aspects of port operations into the simulation model.
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Tytuł: Assessment of ship position estimation accuracy based on radar navigation mark echoes identified in an Electronic Navigational Chart
Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Naus, Mariusz Wąż, Piotr Szymak, Lucjan Gucma, Maciej Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Measurement, vol. 169
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: electronic navigational chart, radar image, navigation marks, data fusion, autonomous ship
Abstrakt: This article presents research on assessing the accuracy of ship position determination based on observations of radar echoes of navigation marks identified in an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC). The accuracy analysis of the simulated radar positioning in relation to navigation marks the validity of the research. Position accuracy on the approach fairways was better than 6.5 m (RMS). A specially prepared measuring system made it possible to conduct tests based on radar images. In subsequent stages of the research, the association of extracted characteristic radar echoes with navigation marks found in an ENC was made. Then, in order to eliminate significant values of measurement errors and erroneous identification of navigation marks, geodetic adjustment was applied. The obtained position accuracy equal to 34.1 m (RMS) provides a premise to state that the method can be adopted for autonomous navigation systems which are alternatives to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
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Tytuł: Cost-Effective Design of Port Approaches Using Simulation Methods Based on the Example of a Modernized Port in the Ustka
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Quy Nguyen, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Rok: 2021
Słowa kluczowe: ship manoeuvring, design of ports, real-time ship manoeuvring simulations, navigation safety
Abstrakt: Port design and approaches are usually carried out using real-time computer simulation methods for ship manoeuvring. So-called ship real-time simulation methods are relatively expensive, especially in terms of survey time. Several real-time simulation scenarios carried out by masters and pilots are usually performed, with several simulation attempts in each scenario. Each such attempt can last up to one hour, which, with a large number of scenarios, prolongs the research and increases its cost. Particularly time-consuming is the repetition of many scenarios with alternative solutions for infrastructure development and in various hydrometeorological conditions. To reduce the time-consuming of the tests, a new two-stage method was used to design the target approach on the modernized Port of Ustka. In the first stage, the simulations were carried out with significantly reduced floating navigation marking, and in the second stage with the target marking. Moreover, the so-called “Soft-Bank” method was introduced, i.e., the effects of a collision with the seabed and infrastructure were excluded. Such a solution leads to significant time benefits in conducting research and at the same time does not reduce confidence in the results obtained.
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DOI: 10.3390/jmse9020211
Tytuł: Risk assessment of moored and passing ships
Autor/Autorzy: P.Vidmar, M. Perkovic, L.Gucma, K.Łazuga
Miejsce publikacji: Applied sciences, vol. 10, issue 19, pp.1-19
Rok: 2020
Słowa kluczowe: port accidents; risk assessment; terminal safety; harbour regulations; mooring;collision energy
Abstrakt: Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences, the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels such as cruise ships.
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DOI: 10.3390/app10196825
Tytuł: Use of a multiple regression model to determine the parameters of vessel traffic flow in port areas
Autor/Autorzy: Agnieszka Nowy, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2020
Słowa kluczowe: Maritime Traffic Engineering, Vessel Traffic Flow, Port Areas, Multiple Regression Model, Fairway, Fairway Parameters, Automatic Identification System (AIS), AIS Data
Abstrakt: The paper presents the method of determining ships traffic stream parameters by means of regression method. The aim of the studies was to determine the correlation between the ship’s parameters and the parameters of the fairway. Developing the presented model with information on the position of the vessel’s antenna and information on the accuracy of position determination will allow creating a model for predicting the parameters of waterways.
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DOI: 10.12716/1001.14.02.23
Tytuł: Towards generalized ship’s manoeuvre models based on real time simulation results in port approach areas
Autor/Autorzy: N.M. Quy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, J.K. Vrijling, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder
Miejsce publikacji: Ocean Engineering
Rok: 2020
Słowa kluczowe: real-time ship manoeuvring simulation, ship manoeuvring area, risk assessment, generalization of ship simulation data
Abstrakt: This paper presents an attempts towards creation of generalized models of ships manoeuvring area determination and ship performance created on the base of real simulation results. Those models are needed for better understanding of the safe navigation process in ports areas and its approaches and for risk analysis when no full information about the ships behaviour is available. The data coming from real time ship simulations that are conducted by experienced pilots and captains are applied in the study. In the first step, general regression models are created to determine manoeuvring areas and major correlations between basic parameters affecting the safe area needed for ships to navigate in restricted areas of ports and its approaches. In the second step, the ship performance models are created to describe the behaviour of the ship including human factors. The ship performance for long-term prediction of the navigation risk regarding the possibility of ships exceeding the channel limits, assumed as grounding or collision with a fixed structure are created by the method which consists of two developed models: (1) an ARMAX (Auto Regressive and Moving Average eXogenous) model is adopted to identify the ship steering dynamic system. With the help of this model, the outputs of the system (course, position, etc.) can be estimated based on the system input conditions (rudder, engine, etc.); (2) the stochastic sequences of the inputs for the first model used are generated using a semi-Markov model.
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Tytuł: Laser-based aid systems for berthing and docking
Autor/Autorzy: Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma, Mateusz Bilewski, Bartosz Muczyński, Franc Dimc, Blaž Luin, Peter Vidmar, Vivien Lorenčič, Milan Batista
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol.8, issue 5
Rok: 2020
Słowa kluczowe: container ship; precise positioning; portable pilot unit; gyro error; container terminal; berthing and docking; LiDAR scanner; STS crane
Abstrakt: The berthing of an ultra large ship is always a difficult issue and becomes yet more complex when vessels must be handled in restricted manoeuvring areas of limited depth, exposed to a forceful crosswind, or manoeuvring in a strong current, or all three. The final approaching manoeuvre and precise positioning is particularly demanding at container terminals where many STS cranes are located along the quay, seriously limiting margin for error in the process of mooring a ship, especially when the cranes are located nearby a bridge wing or at the very edge of the pier. In order to avoid collisions, the final manoeuvre (side-push) must be fully controlled; the ship’s orientation must be parallel with the quay while maintaining the minimum lateral approaching velocity without significantly shifting the vessel longitudinally. The mooring of a Ro-Ro vessel is occasionally even more challenging: a precise docking manoeuvre is normally executed without any towing assistance. In this paper low cost laser-based berthing and docking systems developed for the ports of Koper and Swinousce are presented and several berthing manoeuvres are analysed and compared with the most commonly used GNSS-based navigational aid system portable pilot units (PPU).
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DOI: 10.3390/jmse8050346
Tytuł: Analysis of the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels on the fairway Świnoujście-Szczecin
Autor/Autorzy: L.Gucma, K. Łazuga
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2019
Słowa kluczowe: Ship’s Manoeuvrability, Fairway Swinoujscie-Szczecin, Danish Straits, Great Barrier Reef, Bosporus Strait, Tokyo Bay, Pilotage Operations, Pilotage
Abstrakt: The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area.
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Tytuł: The role of GNSS to support UAS operations for surveillance
Autor/Autorzy: Alberto Mennella, Pietro Cristofanilli, Marco Nisi, Pawel Zalewski, Ramjee Prasad, Bilal Muhammad
Gianluca Luisi, Graziano Gagliarde, Damiano Taurino
Miejsce publikacji: Ka and Broadband Communications Conference
Rok: 2019
Słowa kluczowe: GNSS, UAS, autonomous operations
Abstrakt: In this paper an innovative UAS approach is presented for surveillance related applications, based on autonomous operations (conventional drone) and continuous operation (tethered drone). For both the approaches the importance of GNSS technology has been shown with particular attention to the key performance indicators to be achieved
Tytuł: The support of port regulation creation and update by real-time ship manoeuvring simulation studies exampled by Port of Kołobrzeg
Autor/Autorzy: L.Gucma, K. Łazuga
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2019
Słowa kluczowe: Ship Manoeuvring Simulation, Port Regulation, Port Regulation Creation, Port of Kolobrzeg, Port Authority, Navigational Safety, Navigational Risk, Good Practice
Abstrakt: The port areas are specific in terms of navigational accidents. Usually, accidents with low consequences dominate, but due to many users with contradictory needs, there is a requirement to keep the balance between business and safety. This balance is usually achieved by the Port Authority or like in Poland by Maritime Office together with Port Authority. Maritime Offices are the governmental body responsible to maintain the acceptable navigational safety level. Such an approach leads to several frictions between the users that needs are often contradictory. To ensure minimal safety level and introduce new or amended port regulations the scientific methods are demanded to support this process. The paper present methodology to adjust the port regulations of Kołobrzeg Port where the passenger ship owners moored in close vicinity of the waterway and therefore restricted it to the other users. The compromise was achieved with the application of real-time simulation method. Moreover, the paper presents the important role of harbor regulations in whole navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on good practice of pilots and experts, whereas the quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how the quantitative risk assessment could be used in port policy development.
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Tytuł: An analysis of basic parameters of Ro-Pax ferries in the Baltic Sea as guidelines for its preliminary design
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Julia Raczkowska
Miejsce publikacji: Polish Maritime Research
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: Ro-Pax ferry, ship design, ferry traffic, operating parameters, maneuvering parameters, analysis of ship dimensions
Abstrakt: This paper presents results of an analysis of the operating and maneuvering parameters (length, width, draft, main propulsion power and maneuvering equipment, and windage area) of the Ro-Pax ferries over 150m in length. The analysis takes into accounts all ferries operating in the Baltic Sea in 2017. The work also includes route analysis of the collected Ro-Pax units. The influence of port infrastructure is also discussed. The mean optimal Baltic Sea Ro-Pax ferry and its parameters for short term and long term forecasts are presented. This paper may be used as a primary guideline for the determining the optimal Ro-Pax ferry dimensions size for the Baltic lines in terms of preliminary ship design.
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DOI: 10.2478/pomr-2018-0095
Tytuł: Applying simulation studies to define further development of the approach channel to Ystad
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Jarosław Artyszuk, Renata Boć
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: model of manoeuvring a ship, navigation safety, designing seaports, applying simulation, approach channel, PIANC method
Abstrakt: The increasing sizes of ships determine the interest in modifying the already existing solutions. Simulation models allow us to analyse the possible modernisation options. The article presents analysis results for the width of the fairway to Ystad, marked with buoys with respect to navigation safety. After a thorough analysis, taking into account the safety of navigation, further possibilities of development have been determined. Study results are aimed at designing new solutions in case of modernization of the approach channel to Ystad.
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DOI: 10.17402/291
Tytuł: Determination of the potential pollution of the port of Świnoujście after collision of ships on the approach track
Autor/Autorzy: Juszkiewicz Wiesław; Gucma Lucjan; Perkovic Marko
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: PISCES II, oil spill simulation, oil pollution behaviour, Pomeranian Bay region, worst case study
Abstrakt: A key element in ensuring the safety of the port of Świnoujście against oil spills is to ensure combat units are properly equipped with oil spill collecting equipment, and that they have the ability to effectively use the existing resources. All of this should be properly reflected in the port’s contingency plans. It is also important to develop tactics for oil spill combat action that take into account both local conditions and worst case scenarios with parallel checking of these scenarios during the exercise and the table-top exercises. The use of computer simulation to forecast oil spill behaviour allows for better arrangement and more efficient use of resources and the optimum development of antipollution action and tactics. The specific location of the Świnoujście harbour, its breakwaters shape, and that shipping traffic is allowed only on the approaching waterway, may lead one to the conclusion that the port of Świnoujście is completely safe from any possible petroleum pollution after a ships’ collision and the antipollution action should focus only on maximising the protection of the coast. To verify this assumption, simulations of an oil spill spreading after a vessels’ collision were carried out. The purpose of the simulations was to determine the most unfavourable weather conditions which would lead to the port of Świnoujście being polluted, and to define the best tactics for conducting oil spill combat actions under such conditions. The simulations clearly indicated that, with a particular combination of weather conditions, pollution could occur inside the port. It could result in vessel traffic suspension and huge financial losses. Simulations were conducted using the PISCES II oil spill simulator.
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DOI: 10.17402/275
Tytuł: Determination of the risk of location the quay for large steel components handling in vicinity of the fairway using the fast-time simulation method
Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: risk of collision, fast-time simulation, safety of navigation, statistical analysis, ship manoeuvring simulation
Abstrakt: The paper presents the use of the Fast-Time navigational simulator to verify the location of designed elements of navigational infrastructure in vicinity of a high traffic fairway.The aim of the study is to perform the analysis of navigational safety in vicinity of newly constructed quay placed to the east of the island Ostrow Brdowski. The Quay is intended handling of large steel structures. The Fast-Time simulation is performed to evaluate the safety of the navigation passage through the fairway along the quay for the future use of vessels which length may exceed 260 m. This kind of simulation method has been implemented to make a statistical analysis based on a large amount of data, the collection of which would be very expensive and time consuming using a Real-Time simulator
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Tytuł: Modelling the lateral distribution of ship traffic in traffic separation schemes
Autor/Autorzy: Agnieszka Nowy, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: vessel traffic streams, ships’ traffic flow, safety of navigation, probabilistic model, traffic separa-tion scheme, modelling
Abstrakt: This paper presents the method used for the creation of ship traffic models in Southern Baltic Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS). The analysis of ship traffic was performed by means of statistical methods with the use of his-torical AIS data. The paper presents probabilistic models of ship traffic’s spatial distribution and its parameters. The results showed that there is a correlation between the standard deviation of traffic flow and TSS lane width that can be used in practical applications to ensure the safety of navigation; improve navigation efficiency, safe-ty and risk analysis in given area, and for the creation of a general model of ship traffic flow.
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DOI: 10.17402/269
Tytuł: Statistical analysis of parameters of selected worldwide yacht ports and marinas in terms of design guidelines
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Drwięga, Radosław Butrymowicz
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: statistical analysis, design guidelines, port parameters, yacht port, marina, turning basin area.
Abstrakt: In relation tothe current development of the sailing, modernization and development of yacht ports and marinas are necessary. The preparations process, stages of the design, anal-yses and finally construction of yacht ports is time-consuming and laborious. In the article a statistical analysis of selected design parameters was described. In order to carry out the analysis a database was created based on 210 ports from different regions of the world such as: Europe, North America, Australia and South Asia. Google Earth was used to obtain the actual values of the analyzed parameters. Most of achieved results was described in the form of tables or graphs.
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Tytuł: The model of optimal allocation of maritime oil spill combat ships
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Marko Perkovic
Miejsce publikacji: Sustainability
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: oil spill at sea; evolutionary algorithms; allocation optimization; combating oil pollution
Abstrakt: The paper describes a two-stage method for optimizing the location of marine oil spill combat forces and assessing the costs related to this action at the sea. An optimization problem relates to positioning the oil pollution combat ships in ports in such a way that they are able combat the anticipated number of oil spills in certain positions in the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea area in the shortest possible time. The problem was classified as NP-hard; therefore, in the first stage, an evolutionary algorithm was applied. The main output of the model based on the evolutionary algorithm is the time of arrival of combat ships from the port to the oil spill area, as well as the costs of such operation; this is defined as the aim function. The first stage of the model does not simulate combat pollution action; therefore, the results obtained were treated as approximate. In the second stage, the several best allocations of oil spill response resources obtained in the first stage were used as input to a detailed simulation model of combat action. For each chosen allocation, a number of oil combat action simulations were carried out. The model can be used to create and verify oil pollution contingency plans, and finally increase the sustainability of sea and coastal areas
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DOI: 10.3390/su10072321
Tytuł: Universal simulation method for determination the maneuverability of ferry on the example of Ystad Port
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Bartosz Muczyński, Marcin Przywarty
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2018
Słowa kluczowe: maneuverability, maneuvering safety,traffic engineering, ferry, simulation
Abstrakt: The paper describes a universal simulation method used by the authors to determine the con-ditions of safe operation of sea ferries, in terms of marine traffic engineering. The assumptions, simulation experiment and results are described on the example of the m/f Mazovia manoeuvring in the Port of Ystad. Carried out and described in the article simulation study using the present method was aimed to determine the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems of the ferry including:determination of the wind limits in the Port of Ystad in terms of Mazovia ferry operation;assessment of the maneuvering safety in a port area and determination of conditions of safe operation with present propulsion and steering
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Tytuł: Accommodating larger container vessels using an integrated laser system for approach and berthing
Autor/Autorzy: Marko Perkovic, Maciej Gucma, Blaz Luin, Lucjan Gucma, Tanja Brcko
Miejsce publikacji: Microprocessors and microsystems
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: laser ranging, vessel docking, metocean, Port of Koper, container terminal, fenders, brolsma
Abstrakt: Various activities such as dredging and pier lengthening have made it possible for ports to receive larger container vessels, though in many cases this has made berthing the vessels more difficult, necessitating advanced ranging and docking systems. For example, in Koper, Slovenia, navigation through a narrow and bending channel has been made safer through the implementation of a laser-ranging system; a laser docking system is in place so that once the ship is positioning alongside where, say, inadequate fenders await and ship-to-shore (STS) cranes are near, special care is required and parameters such as precise vessel position, transversal speed, and vessel-approaching angle are of great importance. This paper will present the layout of the system and the first results related to the observed docking of large container vessels calling at the Port of Koper.
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Tytuł: Analysis of the existing parameters of the ports entrances in the world in terms of their design
Autor/Autorzy: Dominika Kość‐Pawlicka , Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: ships manoeuvering, parameters of the ports entrances, statistical parameters of waterways, maritime traffic engineering, entrance to the port, port design, maximum size of the ship, main harbours
Abstrakt: This article aims to analyse the statistical parameters of waterways forming the entrance to the port and the construction of a model for determining the optimum parameters of the entrance to the port. It has been analyzed parameters of the entrances to the 100 selected global ports, based on the analysis it was examined the interdependence between certain parameters and the impact they have on the maximum size of the ship which can enter to the port. This analysis allowed to develop a model, which can possible to be applied to the entrance of initial port design.
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Tytuł: Applying simulation studies to define futher development of the Przemysłowy Canal in Szczecin
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Renata Boć, Andrzej Bąk
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: Port Manoeuvering, Port of Szczecin, Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin, Applying Simulation Study, Navigation Safety, Safety of Navigation, Parameters of Waterways, Harbour Approach Channels Design
Abstrakt: The increasing sizes of ships and lack of functionality of the existing solutions determine the interest in rebuilding the already existing solutions. Simulation models allow to analyse the possible modernisation variants taking into account the variability of elementary parameters. The article presents analysis results for the Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin with respect to navigation safety and regulating traffic regulations in the Przemyslowy Canal taking into consideration the interests of all subjects involved. The paper applies real-time simulation methods based on manoeuvring simulators. After a thorough analysis that took into account the safety of navigation, further possibilities of development have been determined. Study results are aimed at designing new solutions in case of modernization of the Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin.
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Tytuł: Method for reserve determination of static and dynamic list of bulk carriers applied to the dynamic under keel clearance system in the Port of Świnoujście
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Drwiega, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: bulk carrier, dynamic UKC, simulation methods, analytical methods, heel,pressure transmitters.
Abstrakt: The paper presents the methodology for determining the components which are related to heel of bulk carrier with one component excluded —the heel of vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the system, which is dedicated to use in determination of UKC of vessels at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie. The method includes deter-mination of heel caused by: draught reading errors, wind,current, tugboats and heel related to vessel maneuvers. To determine heel related to vesselmaneuver 2-stage methodwas car-ried out. The first stage simulation was used to identify the parameters of shipmove-ment. At the second stage, the maximum heel of Bulk Carrier were calculated by using analytical methods. Presented method was implemented to the item rating under keel clearanceat the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie
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Tytuł: Stochastic model of ships traffic capacity and congestion - validation by real ships traffic data on Świnoujście - Szczecin waterway
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Sylwia Sokołowska
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: ship traffic stream model, waterway capacity, ship intensity, congestion, ship intensity, shiptraffic streams.
Abstrakt: Paper presents validation of previously created stochastic ships traffic stream model by the real data of ships delays on Świnoujście —Szczecin waterway. The model is mostly based on Monte Carlo methodology. The model is microscopic which means that each ship’s model is treated as separate object possessing given attributes. As the main param-eter of presented validation total waiting (delay) time of ships have been applied. The time of ships delays was possessed from Szczecin VTS centre and compared with the model output.
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Tytuł: System for determining dynamic under keel clearance of vessels entering the Port of Świnoujście (DRWPS)
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma , Mateusz Bilewski , Jarosław Artyszuk , Kinga Drwięga
Miejsce publikacji: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: port manoeuvering, under keel clearance (UKC), Port of Swinoujscie, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), UKC Reduction, graphical user interface, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), LNG Vessels
Abstrakt: The article presents a system for determining dynamic under keel clearance. In order to build a DRWPS system, a mixed model was created based on the analysis of math models. The system includes advisory software for defining the conditions for the entering of large LNG vessels in the context of under keel clearance and software was built to support the decision-making of operators who are responsible for introducing these vessels to the Port of Swinoujscie.
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Tytuł: The modernization of the Mrzezyno Seaport. Applaying simulation studies to define the variants of the expansion of the entrance breakwater
Autor/Autorzy: Renata Boć, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk
Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation
Rok: 2017
Słowa kluczowe: model of manoeuvring a ship, navigation safety, designing seaports, breakwater optimization
Abstrakt: Objective reasons, such as climatic changes, larger vessels, sometimes the impracticality of the current solutions, determine the interest of decision-makers in rebuilding the existingports and breakwaters. Tested simulation models allow for a thorough analysis of the possiblemodernization variants taking into account the variability of basic parameters. The article pre-sents research results related to the optimization of the Mrzezyno seaport with respect to navi-gation safety and the possibility of larger vessels calling at the port after its modernization.In the paper, real time simulation methods based on manoeuvre simulators were applied. Two different variants that can be implemented from the technical point of view were studied. Following a multidimensional analysis that took into consideration increased comfort of ship manoeuvres in the port and navigation safety, one variant was indicated as the optimum. The aim of the research results is to help design new solutions in the caseof the modernization of the Mrzezyno seaport.
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Tytuł: Genetic algorithm method for solving the optimal allocation of response resources problem on the example of polish zone of the Baltic Sea
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Konbin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: oil spill, optimization, allocation
Abstrakt: The paper presentsresearch related to optimal allocation of response vessels. Research belong to the logistical problem, location-allocation type (LA). Research is focused onvessels belongs to polish Search and Rescue.For the optimal allocation of resources usedtwo-stagesmethod wherein the first stage, using genetic optimization methods and consist in such allocation of response vessels to minimize costs ofthe spill at sea. In the second stage uses an accurate simulation model of oil spill combataction to verify the solutions obtained bygenetic algorithmmethod.
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DOI: 10.1515/jok-2016-0028
Tytuł: Innovative semielliptical seismic pattern improving line-change efficiency
Autor/Autorzy: Artur Walus, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk
Miejsce publikacji: Marine Geophysical Research
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: Geophysical maritime, seismic research, Marine seismic patterns, Seismic vessel navigation, The quality of marine geophysical works
Abstrakt: The paper presents a new method for conducting turns by vessels towing seismic cables. A comparison was made between the traditional way of turning to indicate the advantages of the proposed pattern. In order to improve the overview of the complete geometry of a towed streamer system, a model of marine seismic research quality coefficients was applied. The turning method was tested onboard a seismic vessel towing eight streamers of 6 km in length. A significant reduction of time required for line-change was achieved (up to 45 % depending on ocean current speed and direction, speed of the vessel, skills of navigating team). The introduced quality coefficient of geophysical research works is based on the mathematical model of positions deviation of streamers geophones with relation to their idealized position. The model was created to be used while the vessel is on a steady course to improve the quality of acquired data; however, it was found useful during line changes as well.
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Tytuł: The risk of striking accidents during LPG ships passage in ports in respect to technical failures based on real Time simulations in Szczecin-Świnoujście waterway,
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk
Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Konbin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: accidents in ports, LPG tanker, navigational accidents, ships technical failures
Abstrakt: The method of risk assessment based on ship systems technical failures during the passage in the region of Świnoujście of the large LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) tanker is presented. The statistical reliability indicators and the simulation model of ships manoeuvring. The researches carried out within this paper let to determine the safety level and necessary tug escort service during the passage of the ship with the hazardous cargo in the port area.
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Tytuł: Vessel route optimization to avoid risk of collision between carriers of dangerous goods and passenger vessels
Autor/Autorzy: Renata Boć, Krzysztof Marcjan, Marcin Przywarty, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: carriage of dangerous goods risk of collision passenger ships chemical tankers optimization of ship routes algorithm
Abstrakt: This article presents the underlying concepts of a mathematical model optimizing the routes of vessels carrying dangerous goods proceeding in the vicinity of passenger ferries. The method is based on the estimated risk of collision between a chemical tanker and a passenger vessel. Risk assessment was performed using three models. The first model determines the distance of the passing ships on the selected area on the basis of the AIS data. The second one is a stochastic model of navigational safety assessment, which provides statistical data on the probability of collision between the two chosen types of vessels. The third model determines the consequences of collisions between passenger ships and chemical tankers. The study defines the scope of the parameters affecting the objective function of vessel route optimization and their importance in the optimization problem.
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DOI: 10.17402/177
Tytuł: A method for reserve determination of the static and dynamic list of liquefied natural gas carriers and its application to the dynamic under keel clearance system in the outer port in Świnoujście.
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Drwięga, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: dynamic UKC simulation methods analytical methods list pressure transmitters LNG carrier
Abstrakt: This paper presents a methodology for determining the components related to the heel of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, excluding the heel of the vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the description of under keel clearance of vessels approaching the outer port of Świnoujście. The method includes the determination of heel components caused by: draught reading errors, wind, current, tugboats and vessel maneuvers. Determination of the last component was carried out using a 2-stage method. In the first stage, simulation methods were used to identify the parameters of ship movement. In the second stage, the maximum heel of LNG carriers was calculated by analytical methods.
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DOI: 10.17402/150
Tytuł: Analysis of hydro-meteorological conditions in the area of the Port of Świnoujście between 2011–2015
Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Maciej Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: Port of Świnoujście hydrometeorological conditions safety of navigation water levels change visibility wind conditions
Abstrakt: Świnoujście is a Polish seaport located on the Pomeranian Bay, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea island of Usedom and Wolin. The port is situated in the Świna Strait in Świnoujście, Western Pomerania. The harbor consists of a cargo handling quay, passenger terminal and marina. The seaports of Świnoujście and Szczecin are closely linked economically to form a team and are connected by a passage through the Szczecin Lagoon. All big ships directed to Szczecin have to be routed through the port of Świnoujcie. The hydro-meteorological conditions in the Świnoujście Port area and surroundings, affecting safe maneuvering of ships, are analyzed by statistical methods. The conditions studied, with the aid of Port Captain logbook, are: currents, winds, water level, ice conditions and visibility. The statistical distribution of water level was analyzed and proposed as decision-making tool during a ship’s approach to Świnoujście Port.
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DOI 10.17402/138
Tytuł: Simplified methods for the assessment of consequences of navigational accidents as a tool for development of port regulations: Liquefied Petroleum Gas ships in Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway taken as example.
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: LPG carrier, risk analysis, safety of navigation, port regulations, port area operations, accident consequences
Abstrakt: The paper presents research performed in order to indicate the threats posed to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) carriers maneuvering in the ports and fairway of Szczecin–Świnoujście. The effects of collision with another vessel, going aground, or striking a stationary object are taken into account. As a safety criterion, the possibility of damage to the cargo tanks is taken. As a result of the research, recommendations for ship movement in the ports and fairway were issued. The research method applied in this study consisted of several stages. In the first stage, experts determined possible scenarios of collision and grounding, taking into consideration local and navigational conditions. In the following steps, the external energy was calculated and an empirical model was used to determine the damage to the LPG carrier. In the last step, the necessary measures to be introduced port regulations are presented as conclusions of the research.
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DOI: 10.17402/130
Tytuł: Analysis of the traffic of chemical tankers in the Szczecin and Świnoujście seaports.
Autor/Autorzy: Renata Boć, Lucjan Gucma
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: hazardous and noxious substances, chemicals, PHICS, VTS, AIS, pollution
Abstrakt: The ecological protection of the Baltic Sea against extremely noxious pollution by chemical substances is one of the major issues faced by the states that are located on its shore. In this article, the transport of chemicals in bulk has been analysed. An attempt has been made at grouping dangerous chemical substances based on their negative impact on the environment. Databases that were available have been studied with respect to various chemicals transported in the seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście. Based on the data available, an attempt at analysing the traffic of tankers carrying noxious chemical substances has been taken up.
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DOI: 10.17402/128
Tytuł: Using maritime simulation systems to present complex information in maritime museums
Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Marcin Przywarty, Tomasz Budzan, Lech Karwowski, Peter Vidmar, Uros Hribar
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: maritime simulation, solar compass, Viking navigation, Decca system, sciences centre, naviga-tional systems
Abstrakt: The paper presents the stages of creation of an autonomous historical navigational system simulator working both in real and accelerated time. The simulator allows performance of navigation tasks from the time of the ancient Vikings, as well as to fix a position by using the Decca system on a real Mk21 receiver recreated to cooperate with the artificial Decca system model. The Viking solar compass discovered on Wolin Island in 2013 was the trigger for creating such a simulator as part of a broader exhibition of navigational systems and tools. The main intention of the exhibition is to demonstrate the hyperbolic navigation application that links both systems.
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DOI: 10.17402/088
Tytuł: Stochastic model of ship traffic congestion in waterways applied to determine the influence of Liquefied Petroleum Gas tanker introduction on ship traffic on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway
Autor/Autorzy: Sylwia Sokołowska, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Jerzy Hajduk
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: ship traffic, stream model, waterway capacity, ship intensity, congestion, Monte Carlo methodology, determination
Abstrakt: This paper presents the stages in stochastic ship traffic stream model creation, applied to determine the influence of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanker introduction to Police Port on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway. The model is based on the Monte Carlo methodology, and is microscopic (which means that each ship’s model is treated as a separate object possessing given attributes). The model is applied here in order to find the influence of ships with dangerous cargo (LPG tankers in the case study) on regular ship traffic, and hence to establish whether special traffic solutions are necessary.
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DOI 10.17402/087
Tytuł: An innovative time-saving method of turning for vessels conducting seismic surveys
Autor/Autorzy: Walus Artur, Lucjan Gucma, Grzegorz Putynkowski
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: efficiency, geophysics, navigation, seismic, vessels, surveys
Abstrakt: The paper presents a turning method saving time and energy while conducting seismic surveys and an example of its application. The introduced turning method is based on use of the ocean currents / tidal streams as a sup-porting factor. The turning technique is applicable for vessels towing streamers and conducting line-change or other maneuvers similar to 180° turn. Chosen forces affecting seismic in-water equipment as well as behavior of the spread are briefly shown and explained. Some advantages over traditional turning techniques are here described. The method was applied onboard the seismic vessel Geo Pacific reducing significantly time required for line-change
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DOI: 10.17402/108
Tytuł: Methodological analysis of reliability assessments for vessel traffic service operators
Autor/Autorzy: Diana Kotkowska, Lucjan Gucma, Krzysztof Marcjan
Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Rok: 2016
Słowa kluczowe: VTS, VTS operator, MWL, Sagat, SATEST, HRA
Abstrakt: The vessel traffic system (VTS) operator is an important role in the monitoring and supervision of maritime traffic. The main objectives of the VTS is to improve security in the coastal areas. VTS efficiency depends on the quality of the operators. Certain conditions of work should be provided if the system service is to be reliable as this facilitates proper and effective task performance. This article analyzes the factors affecting the performance quality of VTS operator’s. The aim of this study is to examine the methods that indicate negative factors affecting the efficiency of the VTS operator. The result of the study is primarily a reliability analysis of VTS, which underlines the importance of a thorough understanding of the factors associated with human reliability. These methods are crucial to determining VTS operator errors, and gaining an understanding of the consciousness of the operator’s actions in the workplace. Future negative factors can potentially be eliminated by answering questions about the guiding forces, actions and reactions of the operator to external stimuli in a specified scenario.
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DOI: 10.17402/101