Tytuł: Identification of Navigational Risks Associated with Wind Farms

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Diana Kotkowska

Miejsce publikacji: European Research Studies Journal

Rok: 2023

Słowa kluczowe: AIS, wind farm structures, offshore wind energy

Abstrakt: This paper analyses navigational hazards associated with vessel traffic around wind farms. Monitoring ship movements in the area of an offshore wind farm has a significant impact on the safety not only of the wind farm itself, but also on the safety of navigation. The study investigated the monitoring of ship traffic in the area of the Southern Baltic Sea in the region of planned wind farms to identify risks associated with new offshore renewable energy projects. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of hazards and their consequences in the study area was carried out using the risk matrix method. The study was based on AIS data from the years 2021, 2020 and 2019, related to the area of the planned project and adjacent areas. Risk identification and analysis was performed for the three life stages of the wind farm: construction, operation and decommissioning. Findings: Based on the research and analysis of extensive information on the traffic of vessels including various vessel types and functions, the authors have made an in-depth analysis of maritime safety around planned investment projects related to the construction of renewable energy sources along the Polish coast. The results made it possible to identify factors affecting navigational safety, as well as to analyse the risks associated with vessel traffic in the vicinity of planned wind farms. Practical Implications: The results obtained in the study allow the estimation of navigational safety in the region around wind farms in the Southern Baltic Sea. Originality/Value: Numerous investments in renewable energy sources such as offshore wind farms are planned along the Polish coast in the years to come. Investing in offshore wind energy ideally addresses Europe's current energy problems and European projects, which include the need to replace coal-fired power stations with much more environmentally friendly sources of renewable energy. An essential factor in planning such future investments is navigational safety in the vicinity of these facilities. This analysis is a new approach to identifying the various risks associated with the construction of wind farms.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://ersj.eu/journal/3134

DOI: 10.35808/ersj/3134

Tytuł: The collision risk management method for ships navigating on coastal waters based on probabilistic domain and near-miss concept

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Lucjan Gucma, Diana Kotkowska

Miejsce publikacji: European Research Studies Journal

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: Ship collision, navigational risk management, ship domain, AIS data analysis, near-miss of collision

Abstrakt: Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present an innovative method of identification of navigational near-misses on the basis of a probabilistic domain, which can be used to assess the safety of navigation and to discover places potentially dangerous for navigation. Design/Methodology/Approach: Probabilistic domain construction based on a large amount of AIS data in a selected navigational area. Findings: In order to build and develop methods to assess the safety of navigation, ship probabilistic domains for three types of vessel encounter situations have been determined based on the AIS traffic monitoring data. Domains have been constructed for vessels moving in open waters with high traffic density in the Southern Baltic Sea. Practical Implications: One of the most important concepts concerning the safety of navigation at sea is the ship domain. The authors believe that data from vessel monitoring systems can be used to determine the limits of distances between passing vessels that are characteristic of specific water areas and fully take into account all factors influencing navigational decisions. Originality/Value: The novelty presented in the article is the method of navigational near-misses identification based on the probabilistic ship domain, which is universal for all vessels in a selected area.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2567

DOI: 10.35808/ersj/2567

Tytuł: Identification of errors committed by Vessel Traffic Service operators

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Diana Kotkowska

Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin-Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 65/137

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: VTS system, VTS operator, human factor, human error identification, operator reliability, VTS

simulation

Abstrakt: This paper examines the factors affecting the performance of VTS operators. A general review of the human factor as a determinant of navigational safety is presented. The elementary nature of the system and its structure are defined, and the ability of a VTS operator to perform planned tasks within a specified timeframe and in a specific manner is analyzed. A reliability assessment scheme is proposed, which is based on the interpretation of factors affecting the VTS operator’s efficiency. The effective performance of VTS operators, along with the specific nature of the maritime environment and reliability of the vessel traffic management support, are key determinants in the process of ensuring the reliability and security of the entire system.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://repository.am.szczecin.pl/handle/123456789/2660

DOI: 10.17402/461

Tytuł: Determination of the Risk of Location the Quay for Large Steel Components Handling in Vicinity of the Fairway Using the Fast-Time Simulation Method

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Lucjan Gucma

Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: Risk of collision, Fast-Time simulation, safety of navigation, statistical analysis, ship

manoeuvring simulation

Abstrakt: The paper presents the use of the Fast-Time navigational simulator to verify the location of designed elements of navigational infrastructure in vicinity of a high traffic fairway. The aim of the study is to perform the analysis of navigational safety in vicinity of newly constructed quay placed to the east of the island Ostrow Brdowski. The Quay is intended handling of large steel structures. The Fast-Time simulation is performed to evaluate the safety of the navigation passage through the fairway along the quay for the future use of vessels which length may exceed 260 m. This kind of simulation method has been implemented to make a statistical analysis based on a large amount of data, the collection of which would be very expensive and time consuming using a Real-Time simulator.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://annualofnavigation.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7_MARCJAN-GUCMA-L_1809162003362803.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0007

Tytuł: Analysis of the reliability of data on the density of traffic of fishing vessels engaged in fishing with regard to the risk of damage to underwater cables

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Remigiusz Dzikowski

Miejsce publikacji: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 56/128

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: underwater cables, damage by fishing gear, offshore safety, offshore risk management, offshore industry, AIS data, VMS data

Abstrakt: Accidental damage to underwater cables caused by ship traffic seems to be a current problem. According to the statistics more than 44 percent of such damage is caused by fishing vessels. The reason for the next 14 percent is damage from ships’ anchors. The construction of the underwater installation risk model was based on the determination of the density of the traffic in the area where the installation is located. There are several models used to assess the risk of underwater cable damage requiring the implementation of data on the density of traffic of fishing vessels. For this purpose, they usually use AIS (Automatic Identification System) data or statistical data on traffic density in the areas called fishing squares. The aim of this article was to compare traffic data that was based on two independent systems AIS and VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) and verify the reliability of them. The research was carried out in the area of the Slupsk Bank where an underwater cable has been damaged several times. The authors have demonstrated the need to verify the data from both systems in order to obtain reliable information about fishing vessels.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2500

DOI: 10.17402/318

Tytuł: Analysis of Ship Traffic Over Subsea Pipeline in the Gdańska Bay Area

Autor/Autorzy: Remigiusz Dzikowski, Krzysztof Marcjan

Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation 24/1

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: underwater gas pipelines, offshore safety, offshore risk management, offshore industry

Abstrakt: The paper discusses issues of the impact of traffic density of the vessels on the sea surface to offshore underwater pipelines. The risk includes vessel foundering, sinking, grounding, dropping and dragging anchors, trawling fishing gear. The density of merchant, offshore field support vessels and fishing vessels presented by this paper is base for build risk model for underwater infrastructures. As an example it has been analyzed ships traffic over underwater gas pipeline between platform Baltic Beta and Wladyslawowo power plant.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://annualofnavigation.pl/analysis-of-ship-traffic-over-subsea-pipeline-in-the-gdanska-bay-area/

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2017-0015

Tytuł: Criteria of Accidental Damage by Ships Anchors of Subsea Gas Pipeline in the Gdańsk Bay Area

Autor/Autorzy: Krzysztof Marcjan, Remigiusz Dzikowski, Mateusz Bilewski

Miejsce publikacji: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: Vessel’s Damage Consequences, Criteria of Accidental Damage, Ships Anchors, Subsea Gas Pipeline, Gdansk Bay Area, Pipeline, Underwater Infrastructure, Damage to the Pipeline

Abstrakt: This paper discusses issues of the accidental anchor damage to offshore subsea pipeline as one of the most significant threat to underwater infrastructure. The density of vessel traffic over the pipeline between platform Baltic Beta and Wladyslawowo power plant has been analyzed. In order to determine the most common damages associated with heavy ship traffic, the authors used the risk model for underwater infrastructure. For this purpose ships anchor equipment has been categorized and as the results the criteria of damage to the pipeline have been discussed.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_Criteria_of_Accidental_Damage_by_Marcjan,43,744.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.11.03.07