Tytuł: Analysis of the Impact of Wind Farm Construction on the Marine Environment

Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga

Miejsce publikacji: Energies

Rok: 2024

Słowa kluczowe: offshore wind farms, oil spills, protection of the marine environment, environmental risks

Abstrakt: The development of offshore wind farms is an important step toward increasing the share of green energy in Poland’s energy mix, offering promising prospects for the energy industry. However, in addition to numerous benefits, such investments also carry potential risks for the marine environment, including the risk of spills of hazardous substances such as gear oils, hydraulic oils, and lubricants. This paper analyses the potential impact of oil spills from offshore wind farms on the marine ecosystems of the Baltic Sea, taking into account hydrometeorological factors, particularly protected areas (such as Natura 2000 sites) and the intensity of ship traffic in the area of the planned farms. Simulations of spill scenarios are also presented to assess the potential extent of pollution and its impact on the environment. This paper emphasises the importance of advanced monitoring and safety systems in minimising the risk of accidents and responding quickly to possible incidents. The development of offshore wind farms in Poland presents itself as a key element in a sustainable energy development strategy, combining advanced technology with environmental concerns.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3523

DOI: 10.3390/en17143523

Tytuł: Reconstructing Maritime Incidents and Accidents Using Causal Models for Safety Improvement: Based on a Case Study

Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Andrej Androjna, Kinga Łazuga, Peter Vidmar, Marko Perkovič

Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: accident investigation model, ferry incident, accident model

Abstrakt: No advance in navigation has yet to prevent the occurrence of accidents (incidents are always implied when we discuss accidents) at sea. At the same time, advances in accident models are possible, and may provide the basis for investigations and analyses to help prevent future adverse events and improve the safety of marine transport systems. In such complex socio-technical systems models that treat accidents as the result of a chain or sequence of events are used most commonly. Such models are well suited to damage caused by failure of physical components in relatively simple systems. Although these often include methods for modeling human error, they do not cover broader aspects related to the management of the organization using the means of transport itself (shipowners) nor errors that may occur in the design phase. In particular, they do not cover changes in the systems over time. The paper presents accident investigation approaches and uses a modified causal model to analyze an incident that occurred in January 2019 on the city ferry in Świnoujście. The results of the analysis were used to provide guidelines for increasing safety at the crossing and to evaluate the accident analysis model used. Additionally, incidentally, through the study of this case we uncovered a problem in communication among stakeholders that unnecessarily complicates the models for the models for the improvement of safety.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/12/1414

DOI:10.3390/jmse9121414

Tytuł: Modeling of Vessel Traffic Flow for Waterway Design–Port of Świnoujście Case Study

Autor/Autorzy: Agnieszka Nowy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Andrej Androjna, Marko Perkovič, Jure Srše

Miejsce publikacji: Applied Sciences-Basel

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: probabilistic model, safety of navigation, vessel traffic flow, Świnoujście approach

Abstrakt: The paper presents an analysis of ship traffic using the port of Świnoujście and the problems associated with modelling vessel traffic flows. Navigation patterns were studied using the Automatic Identification System (AIS); an analysis of vessel traffic was performed with statistical methods using historical data; and the paper presents probabilistic models of the spatial distribution of vessel traffic and its parameters. The factors that influence the spatial distribution were considered to be the types of vessels, dimensions, and distances to hazards. The results show a correlation between the standard deviation of the traffic flow, the vessel sizes, and the distance to the hazard. These can be used in practice to determine the safety of navigation and the design of non-existing waterways and to create a general model of vessel traffic flow. The creation of the practical applications is intended to improve navigation efficiency, safety, and risk analysis in any particular area.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/17/8126

DOI:10.3390/app

Tytuł: Cost-Effective Design of Port Approaches Using Simulation Methods Based on the Example of a Modernized Port in the Ustka

Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Quy Nguyen, Lucjan Gucma

Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: ship manoeuvring; design of ports; real-time ship manoeuvring simulations; navigation safety

Abstrakt:Port design and approaches are usually carried out using real-time computer simulation methods for ship manoeuvring. So-called ship real-time simulation methods are relatively expensive, especially in terms of survey time. Several real-time simulation scenarios carried out by masters and pilots are usually performed, with several simulation attempts in each scenario. Each such attempt can last up to one hour, which, with a large number of scenarios, prolongs the research and increases its cost. Particularly time-consuming is the repetition of many scenarios with alternative solutions for infrastructure development and in various hydrometeorological conditions. To reduce the time-consuming of the tests, a new two-stage method was used to design the target approach on the modernized Port of Ustka. In the first stage, the simulations were carried out with significantly reduced floating navigation marking, and in the second stage with the target marking. Moreover, the so-called “Soft-Bank” method was introduced, i.e., the effects of a collision with the seabed and infrastructure were excluded. Such a solution leads to significant time benefits in conducting research and at the same time does not reduce confidence in the results obtained.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/211

DOI:10.3390/jmse9020211

Tytuł: Risk Assessment of Moored and Passing Ships

Autor/Autorzy: Peter Vidmar, Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Miejsce publikacji: Applied Sciences-Basel

Rok: 2020

Słowa kluczowe: port accidents; risk assessment; terminal safety; harbour regulations; mooring; collision energy

Abstrakt: Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences, the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels such as cruise ships.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6825

DOI: 10.3390/app10196825

Tytuł: Towards generalized ship’s manoeuvre models based on real time simulation results in port approach areas

Autor/Autorzy: N.M. Quy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, J.K. Vrijling, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder

Miejsce publikacji: OCEAN ENGINEERING

Rok: 2019

Słowa kluczowe: Real-time ship manoeuvring simulation, ship manoeuvring area, risk assessment, generalization of ship simulation data

Abstrakt: This paper presents an attempts towards creation of generalized models of ships manoeuvring area determination and ship performance created on the base of real simulation results. Those models are needed for better understanding of the safe navigation process in ports areas and its approaches and for risk analysis when no full information about the ships behaviour is available. The data coming from real time ship simulations that are conducted by experienced pilots and captains are applied in the study. In the first step, general regression models are created to determine manoeuvring areas and major correlations between basic parameters affecting the safe area needed for ships to navigate in restricted areas of ports and its approaches. In the second step, the ship performance models are created to describe the behaviour of the ship including human factors. The ship performance for long-term prediction of the navigation risk regarding the possibility of ships exceeding the channel limits, assumed as grounding or collision with a fixed structure are created by the method which consists of two developed models: (1) an ARMAX (Auto Regressive and Moving Average eXogenous) model is adopted to identify the ship steering dynamic system. With the help of this model, the outputs of the system (course, position, etc.) can be estimated based on the system input conditions (rudder, engine, etc.); (2) the stochastic sequences of the inputs for the first model used are generated using a semi-Markov model. In the paper the implementation of the semi-Markov model for rudder actions has been described. The study used input/output measurements from a ship-handling simulator to estimate the model parameters, so the human factor has been included in the models. The method allows us to extend the results obtained from the simulator to predict future conditions of the system outputs. Since the predicted results and using probabilistic approach, possible ship manoeuvring area margins will be identified and long - term assessment of the navigation risk can be realized.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801820304947

DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107476

Tytuł: The Support of Port Regulation Creation and Update by Real-time Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Studies Exampled by Port of Kołobrzeg

Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Rok: 2019

Słowa kluczowe: Ship Manoeuvring Simulation, Port Regulation, Port Regulation Creation, Port of Kolobrzeg, Port Authority, Navigational Safety, Navigational Risk, Good Practice

Abstrakt:The port areas are specific in terms of navigational accidents. Usually, accidents with low consequences dominate, but due to many users with contradictory needs, there is a requirement to keep the balance between business and safety. This balance is usually achieved by the Port Authority or like in Poland by Maritime Office together with Port Authority. Maritime Offices are the governmental body responsible to maintain the acceptable navigational safety level. Such an approach leads to several frictions between the users that needs are often contradictory. To ensure minimal safety level and introduce new or amended port regulations the scientific methods are demanded to support this process. The paper present methodology to adjust the port regulations of Kołobrzeg Port where the passenger ship owners moored in close vicinity of the waterway and therefore restricted it to the other users. The compromise was achieved with the application of real-time simulation method. Moreover, the paper presents the important role of harbor regulations in whole navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on good practice of pilots and experts, whereas the quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how the quantitative risk assessment could be used in port policy development.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_The_Support_of_Port_Regulation_Gucma,50,908.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.02.13

Tytuł: Analysis of the Impact of Exemption from Pilotage for 75m and 90m Long Vessels on the Fairway Świnoujście-Szczecin

Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Rok: 2019

Słowa kluczowe: Ship’s Manoeuvrability, Fairway Swinoujscie-Szczecin, Danish Straits, Great Barrier Reef, Bosporus Strait, Tokyo Bay, Pilotage Operations, Pilotage

Abstrakt:The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_Analysis_of_the_Impact_of_Exemption_Gucma,51,940.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.03.20

Tytuł: SBOil - Combating oil spills with biodegradable absorbents in the South Baltic

Autor/Autorzy: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Miejsce publikacji: European Journal of Navigation

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: oil spills, absorbents

Abstrakt: The main objective of the SBOIL project is to improve the quick-response system in the case of an oil or petroleum spill in adverse weather conditions, both at sea and in the shallow (including inland) waters, by using biodegradable absorbents. The use of absorbents with a high capacity to absorb oil substances from water, which are more environmentally friendly, can be described as the use of “green technology

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: -

DOI: -

Tytuł: The Model of Optimal Allocation of Maritime Oil Spill Combat Ships

Autor/Autorzy: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Marko Perkovic

Miejsce publikacji: Sustainability

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: oil spill, evolutionary algorithm, allocation optimization, combating oil pollution

Abstrakt: The paper describes a two-stage method for optimizing the location of marine oil spill combat forces and assessing the costs related to this action at the sea. An optimization problem relates to positioning the oil pollution combat ships in ports in such a way that they are able combat the anticipated number of oil spills in certain positions in the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea area in the shortest possible time. The problem was classified as NP-hard; therefore, in the first stage, an evolutionary algorithm was applied. The main output of the model based on the evolutionary algorithm is the time of arrival of combat ships from the port to the oil spill area, as well as the costs of such operation; this is defined as the aim function. The first stage of the model does not simulate combat pollution action; therefore, the results obtained were treated as approximate. In the second stage, the several best allocations of oil spill response resources obtained in the first stage were used as input to a detailed simulation model of combat action. For each chosen allocation, a number of oil combat action simulations were carried out. The model can be used to create and verify oil pollution contingency plans, and finally increase the sustainability of sea and coastal areas

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/7/2321

DOI: 10.3390/su10072321