Tytuł: An Assessment of Stability and Strength of a Container Ship for Safety Compliance in Cargo Loading Plans

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Karolina Baszak, Wojciech Ślączka

Miejsce publikacji: Applied Sciences-Basel 14(1)

Rok: 2024

Słowa kluczowe: container, loading, maritime transport, stability, centre of gravity

Abstrakt: According to accident case studies, one of the causes of accidents involving container ships was often the incorrectly declared weight of the container. For this reason, the International Maritime Organization introduced an amendment to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, requiring the verification of container weight declared in the transport document. It partially solved the problem of accurate determination of container ship stability, although an error of 5% by weight is accepted. In this study, using the Macs3 program, the weight of 100 containers was changed by 5% to assess how such a situation affects the ship’s stability. It was found that even a slight change in the weight can affect stability. There are other problems that have to be addressed, e.g., loading of the containers as per positions in the loading plan or sharing information about mass distribution inside. In the last part, Ishikawa’s diagram was used to determine the relationship between the causes and their effect on the accident of MSC Napoli in an attempt to determine other factors that may have contributed to the container ship’s accident and highlight the need to systematize the rules and tools connected to container ship weighing.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/345

DOI: 10.3390/app14010345

Tytuł: Review of the Container Ship Loading Model – Cause Analysis of Cargo Damage and/or Loss

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Karolina Baszak, Wojciech Ślączka, Agnieszka Kalbarczyk-Jedynak

Miejsce publikacji:  Polish Maritime Research

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: container,  maritime transport,  safety management,  operations process modelling,  loss of cargo,  means of transport

Abstrakt: As the maritime transport of containers continues to grow and container ships change in terms of design and construction, it is important to ensure the appropriate level of safety for this type of transport. Over the decades, the size and cargo capacity of container ships have been changing, and so have their manoeuvring restrictions and required stability criteria. It seems that changes in the regulations, technological development and increased stability requirements are not yielding satisfactory results – the causes of container ship accidents continue to show similar patterns. The present article refers to the problem of ensuring safety in sea container transport, with a particular focus on cargo processes. Its purpose is to determine cause-and-effect relations leading to the loss of containers at sea, and to develop a model of loading that could significantly raise the level of safety of container transport.The article provides a general description of threats to ships related to weather conditions, loading methods or stability limitations. A statistical analysis of the occurrence of damage and/or loss of cargo from container ships was carried out and the risk of cargo loss was assessed on the basis of data from 2015‒2019. A Pareto diagram was used for this purpose. The authors present the concept of the container ship loading model, which may contribute to increasing the safety of shipping in the future.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/pomr-2022-0041

DOI:  10.2478/pomr-2022-0041

Tytuł: Risk Analysis of Seaport Construction Project Execution

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Wojciech Ślączka, Agnieszka Kalbarczyk-Jedynak, Karolina Baszak 

Miejsce publikacji:  Applied Sciences-Basel

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: risk; seaport; threat; undesired event; reliability; transport systems; modelling; maintenance; exploitation

Abstrakt: This article concerns the assessment of the level of risk at the stage of construction of a seaport, with particular emphasis on selected adverse incidents that can significantly affect the timeliness of the investment. In this article, the matrix method was used to analyse and evaluate the level of risk, and statistical analysis and case studies were used to identify incidents occurring during the port construction project. This allowed the identification of incidents with the highest probability of occurrence during the port construction process and to determine their impact on environmental pollution and the timeliness and success of the investment. The risk analysis performed identified 15 typical incidents of technical nature. The determined risk level for these incidents is at a moderate level or lower, which can be considered acceptable. For all undesirable incidents the values of probability and loss levels have been averaged, because e.g., a fire can have an extremely different dimension and can cause a different scale of losses. Analysis presented in the paper indicate the need to develop procedures for proceeding during the implementation of significant technical tasks to minimize the level of risk of adverse incidents and their consequences.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/16/8381

DOI:  10.3390/app12168381

Tytuł: The concept of the agro cargo supply chain model using inland navigation

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Wojciech Ślączka, Agnieszka Kalbarczyk-Jedynak, Paweł Chorab, Wojciech Ignalewski 

Miejsce publikacji:  Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: inland waterway transport, modeling, supply chain

Abstrakt: Making transport sentences requires taking into account many external and internal factors dependent on changes taking place on the shipping market. The place, time and type of transported cargo, etc., have an impact on the complexity of the transport system structure, which is why it is important to explore the possibilities and create transport optimization models throughout the entire cargo supply chain and analyze issues related to their organization, which affects the safety and reliability of this type of systems. The aim of the article is to present and analyze the concept of the agro cargo supply chain model using inland navigation, in the relations between Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany on the example of the Capital Group OT Logistics S.A. (OTL SA Capital Group). Taking into account the complexity and structure of transport tasks, it is important to look for optimal solutions in the field of transport. Each supply chain model includes only certain selected factors that have a limited impact on the volatility of the transport. It is not possible to build a model that would fully recreate the behavior of the object, with all possible external influences. The article considers the optimization model of inland wheat transport to final consumers, which predicts a constant demand for cereal loads in certain time segments. This model does not provide any rapid domestic fluctuations in demand for wheat at certain time intervals.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://economic-research.pl/Journals/index.php/tren/article/view/2083

DOI:  10.24136/tren.2022.002

Tytuł: Analysis of inland waterway vessel propulsion by criterion efficiency, ecology and safety

Autor/Autorzy: Zbigniew Łosiewicz, Waldemar Mironiuk, Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Wojciech Ślączka 

Miejsce publikacji:  Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: analysis of propulsion systems, inland waterway vessels, drive system selection criteria

Abstrakt: The paper analyses the propulsion systems of inland waterway vessels according to the criteria of economic efficiency, ecology and safety. The professional experience of the authors and their expert knowledge indicate that always the increase of safety level as well as ecological solutions are realized at the expense of economic efficiency. Therefore, arguing for the result of such analysis, the features of water bodies, port infrastructure and elements which should influence the selection of propulsion systems, features of various types of power and fuels with their energy value guaranteeing the swimming range were described. Types of propulsion systems were characterized and a model of selection of propulsion system to the type of sailing was presented. The analysis presented in the article is necessary for a reliable assessment of the accuracy of the selection of the propulsion system for the actual conditions of operation of sea and inland waterway vessels, i.e. for the type of the vessel and its suitability to perform operational tasks on specific waterways.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://economic-research.pl/Journals/index.php/tren/article/view/2027

DOI:  10.24136/tren.2021.004

Tytuł: Assessment of Explosion Safety Status within the Area of an LNG Terminal in a Function of Selected Parameters

Autor/Autorzy: Agnieszka Kalbarczyk-Jedynak, Magdalena Ślączka-Wilk, Magdalena Kaup, Wojciech Ślączka, Dorota Łozowicka 

Miejsce publikacji:  Energies

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: modelling of substance distribution; catastrophic rupture; leak; LNG; safety; transport

Abstrakt: This paper examines the issues of designing optimization tasks with the objective of ensuring the safety and continuation of transportation processes. Modelling the processes that are a consequence of a breakdown is a crucial issue enabling an increase of safety at selected stages of transport. This paper elaborates on the matter of modelling hazardous situations resulting from an uncontrolled LNG release due to a crash or damage to a ship’s hull. This paper demonstrates subsequent stages of modelling along with theoretical assumptions and finally it presents the results of simulation calculations for various scenarios of LNG releases. The article shows the complexity of modelling at a time when variable atmospheric conditions occur, which hinder the planning of rescue operations in the event of an uncontrolled LNG release into the atmosphere. It needs to be remembered that making decisions in critical situations and developing proper procedures at a time when people’s lives are at risk or in the face of an environmental pollution incident constitutes one of the most significant components of effective management in transport. Two LNG release scenarios are presented in this article: catastrophic rupture and leak, for which danger zone dimensions were calculated. Simulations were conducted with the use of a tool called Phast ver. 8.23 for LNG. Calculations were made in a function of variable weather conditions and for two values of Pasquill coefficients.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/11/4057

DOI:  10.3390/en15114057

Tytuł: Dimensions οf Inland Ships in Relation to the Parameters of Waterways: The Case of Poland

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Wojciech Ślączka

Miejsce publikacji: European Research Studies Journal

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: inland waterway transport,  transport efficiency,  transport management,  waterways parameters

Abstrakt: The article focuses on the analysis of the relation between the guaranteed parameters of the waterway and the dimensions of the inland ships. This article focuses on the consideration of how the change of the allowable ship draft affects the value of the efficiency index. Design/methodology/approach: In this way, it was obtained that the transport efficiency is linearly dependent on the draft of the vessel, so if, despite the possibility of loading the vessel into allowable draft, it is impossible due to the parameters of the waterways, the overall transport efficiency may decrease to a greater extent. Changes in load capacity is another factor influencing the effectiveness of the use of inland ships in the conditions of their operation on Polish inland waterways. Findings: The study analyzes the impact of this parameter on the shipowners decisions regarding investment in fleet maintenance. Practical implications: The results of the research will help to achieve the means of water transport to the limited ones in the way of natural or technical parameters of the infrastructure of Polish waters. Originality value: The results of the research complement the current knowledge on matching the parameters of specific inland vessels that provide services on a given route with the parameters of inland waterways, taking into account the dynamics of occurring negative changes on Polish waterways.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2894

DOI:  10.35808/ersj/2894

​Tytuł: The design of the arrangement of evacuation routes on a passenger ship using the method of genetic algorithms

Autor/Autorzy: Dorota Łozowicka

Miejsce publikacji: PLoS One 8/2021

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: passenger ship, arrangement of evacuation routes

Abstrakt: The article concerns the problem of evacuation from passenger ships. It is important because it has not yet been possible to eliminate all the hazards associated with sea travel. In this paper, a concept of a method allowing to determine the arrangement of evacuation routes, for which evacuation time would be minimal, was presented. The genetic algorithm method was used in the calculations, and an original method of coding the considered problem was proposed. Sample calculations were performed to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm. The results of applying the developed method to calculate the evacuation time on a real passenger ship are presented.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255993

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255993

Tytuł: APPLICATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND MULTIPLE NONLINEAR REGRESSION TO ESTIMATE CONTAINER SHIP LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDICULARS

Autor/Autorzy: Tomasz Cepowski, Paweł Chorab, Dorota Łozowicka

Miejsce publikacji: Polish Maritime Research 6/2021

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: ship design,ANN,regression,container ship,length

Abstrakt: Container ship length was estimated using artificial neural networks (ANN), as well as a random search based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression (MNLR). Two alternative equations were developed to estimate the length between perpendiculars based on container number and ship velocity using the aforementioned methods and an up-to-date container ship database. These equations could have practical applications during the preliminary design stage of a container ship. The application of heuristic techniques for the development of a MNLR model by variable and function randomisation leads to the automatic discovery of equation sets. It has been shown that an equation elaborated using this method, based on a random search, is more accurate and has a simpler mathematical form than an equation derived using ANN.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2021-0019

DOI: 10.2478/pomr-2021-0019

​Tytuł: Concept of the E- Waste Management Model on Sea-going Ships

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Agnieszka Deja, Krzysztof Czaplicki

Miejsce publikacji: European Research Studies Journal

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: Sustainable ship waste management, environment, statistical analysis, environmental and safety aspects

Abstrakt: The article presents the issue of the e-waste management on sea-going ships. Characteristics of ship-generated waste in accordance with the international classification in force and the new category (e-waste) was defined in the first part of the article. Furthermore, the principles of its management were analysed in the context of the adopted amendments to Annex V of MARPOL 73/78. The objective of the article is to develop a preliminary concept of the e-waste management model on a sea-going ship, considering the annual variation of e-waste occurrence on ships. Design/Methodology/Approach: The conducted research allowed to develop a concept of the e-waste management model on sea-going ships. The presented model was developed based on available data from both seagoing ships and selected EU ports. The universal character of the model will allow for its wide application and the implementation of its individual stages will ensure appropriate supervision and increase the efficiency of the whole process. Findings: Identification and compilation of the issue of the e-waste management on sea-going ships. The universality of the model allows for its wide application and implementation of its individual stages, both on sea-going ships and in seaports. Practical Implications: A natural consequence of the model will be the implementation of measures which should be predictable to reduce the risk of undesirable events resulting from bad e-waste management practices on sea-going ships. Originality/value: Indication of future research directions improving the functionality solutions on ships model according to the recommendations of the circular economy.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2054

DOI: 10.35808/ersj/2054

​Tytuł: Analysis of the impact of ship draft measurement results on shipowners’ decisions about fleet’s operability

Autor/Autorzy: Dorota Łozowicka, Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Daniłowicz

Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Konbin

Rok: 2020

Słowa kluczowe: inland waterway transport, operability, ship measurements

Abstrakt: The article presents an assessment of the impact of the results of the measurement of the inland ship’s draught on the shipowner’s decisions regarding incurring financial expenses for maintaining vessels in operability by carrying out repairs and modernization The aim of the article is to present the possible actions taken by shipowners in response to the changing level of reliability of their vessels. The article assesses the impact of ship draught measurement results on shipowner’s decisions, with particular emphasis on operability. The analysis was carried out using data collected during the work of the Technical Inspection Commission in Szczecin in 2017-2018 regarding the draft and load capacity of ships.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.journal.itwl.pl/images/2020t50v3/22_Journal-Volume_50_Issue_3_395_416_page.pdf

DOI: 10.2478/jok-2020-0068

​Tytuł: The Development of Methods For Effective Evacuation From the Ship Using Graph Theory and Optimization

Autor/Autorzy: Dorota Łozowicka

Miejsce publikacji: NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 131/1

Rok: 2019

Słowa kluczowe: evacuation; genetic algorithm; human factor; optimization; passenger ships

Abstrakt: The article presents the concept of improving ship’s safety by optimizing the evacuation plans. The problem of evacuation is reduced to a transport task –how to direct passengers from the rooms in which they are located to the assembly stations. The evacuation time optimization is carried out as a function of streams of people using three methods: constrained nonlinear minimization, genetic algorithm and pattern search. The proper planning of evacuation of people from the ship can significantly affect the reduction of evacuation time.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asne/nej/2019/00000131/00000001/art00018

DOI: -

​Tytuł: Koncepcja modelu poprawy bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania transportu drogowego

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Karolina Toś

Miejsce publikacji: Autobusy. Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe

Rok: 2019

Słowa kluczowe: bezpieczeństwo, transport drogowy, wypadki drogowe

Abstrakt: W artykule omówiona została problematyka bezpieczeństwa transportu drogowego. Zaprezentowano metody i sposoby zapobiegania i ograniczania skutków wypadków drogowych oraz koncepcje modelu poprawy bezpieczeństwa, a także ukazano propozycje niektórych rozwiązań na najbliższe lata, które mogą znacząco poprawić sytuację na drogach. Zaproponowana w artykule koncepcja powstała w oparciu o analizę statystyczną wypadków drogowych oraz analizy przyczynowo- skutkowe wybranych wypadków drogowych w powiecie drawskim na terenie województwa zachodniopomorskiego.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-54675045-f62d-468b-87ee-6c4177224f7e

DOI: 10.24136/atest.2019.011

​Tytuł: Wpływ innowacji na efektywność transportu wodnego śródlądowego

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka

Miejsce publikacji: Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: transport wodny śródlądowy, innowacyjność, efektywność

Abstrakt: Obserwowane w ostatnich latach zainteresowanie transportem wodnym śródlądowym w Polsce uwypukliło niedoskonałości zarówno istniejącej infrastruktury, jak i floty jednostek śródlądowych. Zaistniała zatem konieczność dostosowania się do standardów unijnych, co wymaga podjęcia działań, które przyczynią się do poprawy warunków realizacji procesów transportowych z wykorzystaniem dróg wodnych śródlądowych. O nowoczesności gospodarowania w transporcie wodnym śródlądowym decyduje liczba, zakres i poziom wprowadzanych nowych rozwiązań usprawniających, modernizacyjnych czy innowacji. W artykule przedstawiono efektywność i jej podstawowe wskaźniki w transporcie wodnym śródlądowym. Ponadto omówiono wpływ innowacji na możliwości rozwoju transportu wodnego śródlądowego. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i analiza czynników wpływających na efektywność transportu wodnego śródlądowego, a w szczególności ocena wpływu zastosowania innowacji na poprawę funkcjonowania transportu wodnego śródlądowego.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.wt.pw.edu.pl/Badania-i-nauka/Prace-Naukowe-Politechniki-Warszawskiej-Transport/Zeszyty/Zeszyt-120

DOI: -

​Tytuł: Wpływ systemów informacji rzecznej na bezpieczeństwo funkcjonowania transportu wodnego śródlądowego na przykładzie dolnego odcinka rzeki Odry

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Monika Fronczyk

Miejsce publikacji: Autobusy. Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: informacja rzeczna, systemy informacji, żegluga śródlądowa, bezpieczeństwo żeglugi, system RIS

Abstrakt: W artykule omówiony został wpływ systemów informacji rzecznej na poprawę bezpieczeństwa w żegludze śródlądowej. Analizie poddane zostały wypadki śródlądowych jednostek pływających na Odrzańskiej Drodze Wodnej. Podano przykłady wybranych wypadków żeglugowych, które zdarzyły się w latach 2002- 2015. Dokonano analizy wpływu systemów informacyjnych na funkcjonowanie i rozwój transportu wodnego śródlądowego. Celem artykułu jest analiza wybranych systemów informatycznych wykorzystywanych w transporcie wodnym śródlądowym oraz ocena ich wpływu na poprawę bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania żeglugi śródlądowej na przykładzie wdrożonego na Odrzańskiej Drodze wodnej systemu RIS Dolna Odra.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-bc9496dd-b71b-41db-90cd-9b5f8d623375?q=b8812222-e81f-41a0-b5ce-95296ed5734f$3&qt=IN_PAGE

DOI: -

​Tytuł: Analysis of the Possibility of Safe Evacuation of Passengers from a Ship Moored in the River-Sea Port Szczecin

Autor/Autorzy: Dorota Łozowicka, Magdalena Kaup

Miejsce publikacji: NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 129/3

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: passenger ship, sea- river port, evacuation

Abstrakt: This article assesses the evacuation of passengers from a ship moored in the Port of Szczecin. It analyses the conditions and locations of the premises where passenger vessels are moored. For example, this includes an assessment of possible escape routes from the ship m/v Deutchsland, moored in the harbour, in case of danger. There were individual and group evacuation times and possible emergency scenarios enacted. It is also a place where there may be potential bottlenecks and identifies the quays as a location where people leaving the ships and carrying out evacuations could gather.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asne/nej/2017/00000129/00000003/art00026?crawler=true

DOI: -

​Tytuł: A concept of an inland LNG barge designed for operation on the Odra waterway

Autor/Autorzy: Magdalena Kaup, Dorota Łozowicka, Wojciech Ślączka

Miejsce publikacji: Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: LNG; barge; inland waterways

Abstrakt: The paper examines the feasibility of transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) along the Odra waterway. It looks at the existing LNG carriers and presents concepts of inland vessels designed for operation on the Odra waterway. Examples of inland LNG barges operating on waterways, which involve high inland navigational infrastructure parameters, are presented. Requirements and restrictions of the class III Odra waterway are discussed in the context of the transportation of LNG inland. Possible variants of inland LNG carriers designed for operation on the Odra waterway are examined, with some of their characteristics discussed in view of the restrictions on navigation. Two variants of barges, which meet the requirements of shipping along the Odra waterway, are presented.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://sjsutst.polsl.pl/archives/2017/vol95/075_SJSUTST95_2017_KaupLozowickaSlaczka.pdf

DOI: 10.20858/sjsutst.2017.95.8

​Tytuł: The conceptual design algorithm of inland LNG barges

Autor/Autorzy: Dorota Łozowicka, Magdalena Kaup

Miejsce publikacji: Management Systems in Production Engineering

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: inland shipping, LNG transport, conceptual design

Abstrakt: The article concerns the problem of inland waterways transport of LNG. Its aim is to present the algorithm of conceptual design of inland barges for LNG transport, intended for exploitation on European waterways. The article describes the areas where LNG barges exist, depending on the allowable operating parameters on the waterways. It presents existing architectural and construction solutions of barges for inland LNG transport, as well as the necessary equipment, due to the nature of cargo. Then the article presents the procedure of the conceptual design of LNG barges, including navigation restrictions and functional and economic criteria. The conceptual design algorithm of LGN barges, presented in the article, allows to preliminary design calculations, on the basis of which, are obtained the main dimensions and parameters of unit, depending on the transport task and the class of inland waterways, on which the transport will be realized.

Adres strony internetowej (link)do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://wydawnictwo.panova.pl/attachments/article/512/MSPE_2017_01_02.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/mspe-2017-0002