Tytuł: Ontology based approach in solving collision situations at sea

Autor/Autorzy: Paulina Hatłas-Sowińska, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: OCEAN ENGINEERING

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: Ontology, Ontology of communication, Navigational safety, Collision situation, Maritime accident

Abstrakt: The article presents an innovative approach to the implementation of semi-automatic communication in solving collision situations at sea based on navigational and communication ontology. Data used in this process are obtained from navigational systems and equipment, including AIS, ARPA and ECDIS. The problem of communication processes management has been analysed. Based on this, navigational and communication ontology has been developed and presented. The construction of ontology takes into account, inter alia, IMO's Standard Marine Communication Phrases. The developed ontology allows the implementation of communication processes as the concatenation of sequences of words corresponding to utterances used by humans. The use of the said ontology in the process of semi-automatic communication may contribute to the reduction of errors in communication and facilitate communication to those with poor English skills. The developed ontology was used to support solving collision situations at sea. Examples of its use in real and simulated cases are presented. The authors made use of official reports of marine accident investigation boards and own scenarios simulating typical situations of ship encounters. The results of research will be used to create an automatic communication system for manned and autonomous ships.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002980182201277X

DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111941

Tytuł: The ship domain in navigational safety assessment

Autor/Autorzy: Mirosław Wielgosz, Zbigniew Pietrzykowski

Miejsce publikacji: PLoS One

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: decision support, maritime transport, navigational safety assessment, ship domain

Abstrakt: Decision support and decision making systems find increasingly more applications in various modes of transport. In this connection, criteria of movement safety assessment must be established for manned, unmanned, and autonomous vehicles, bearing in mind the specifics of each transport mode. Distance is one of the basic criteria. In sea transport these include the closest point of approach and ship’s domain understood as an area that should remain free of other objects. The authors examine the relationship between the declared domain and the actually maintained effective domain in a restricted area. They define the coefficient describing this relationship for different ship’s relative bearings in the form of a mathematical function. The formulated relationship allows determining an effective passing distance based on the declared, i.e., assumed passing distance. The determined relationship also enables identification of the declarative domain based on the effective one. These relationships may be used in decision support systems of manned ships, in remote ship control centres and decision-making systems of autonomous ships for the assessment of ship movement safety, planning collision avoidance manoeuvres and generation of safe trajectories.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0265681

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265681

Tytuł: Analysis of communication ontology between sea-going vessels in real collision situations

Autor/Autorzy: Paulina Hatłas-Sowińska, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin-Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Rok: 2022

Słowa kluczowe: navigation, e-communication, ontology, automation of communication, IT ontology, collision, marine accident

Abstrakt: This article explores the use of ontology for semi-automatic marine vessel navigation and ship-to-ship communication to mitigate collision risk. Semi-automatic vessel communication is a step towards automatic communication for autonomous ships. Examples of how such communication can be used is discussed, based on a comprehensive analysis of selected marine collisions, with particular attention to the communication conducted on ships. The effectiveness of such communication was assessed and compared. The suggested solutions are based on the review of official reports from accident investigations. The novelties of this work include original ontologies and interfaces. Through this work, it could be possible to fully automate communication processes between ships. In future work, the research results in this work will be used to create a system of automatic communications for manned and autonomous vessels.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://repository.am.szczecin.pl/handle/123456789/2703

DOI: 10.17402/502

​Tytuł: Multi-Criteria Selection of Surface Units for SAR Operations at Sea Supported by AIS Data

Autor/Autorzy: Mirosław Wielgosz, Marzena Małyszko

Miejsce publikacji: Remote Sensing 13/16

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: search and rescue; AIS data; SAR coordination; SAR operations; MCDA; multi-criteria decision analysis; SRU selection; decision support

Abstrakt: he authors discuss currently conducted research aimed at improving the planning and performance of search and rescue (SAR) operations at sea. The focus is on the selection of surface units in areas of high traffic density. A large number of ships in the area of distress can make the process of selection of best suited vessels longer. An analysis of features which may render a vessel unsuitable for the job, depending on the area and type of operation, has been conducted. Criteria of assessment and selection of ships have been described, preceded by an expert analysis. The selection process has been made using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The authors propose to apply officially available data from the Automatic Identification System (AIS)—a sensor for the ECDIS and other electronic chart systems—in the analysis of the availability of ships. Algorithms filtering available units have been built and applied in a simulation, using real AIS data, of one of the most common types of SAR operations. The method is proposed as an enhancement of decision support systems in maritime rescue services.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3151

DOI: 10.3390/rs13163151

​Tytuł: Effective ship domain – Impact of ship size and speed

Autor/Autorzy: Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: OCEAN ENGINEERING

Rok: 2021

Słowa kluczowe: Collision avoidance manoeuvres, simulation research, ship domain, safety zone, ship encounters, collision risk, restricted area, ship speed

Abstract: The ship domain is a concept commonly proposed as a safety assessment criterion in planning collision avoidance manoeuvres of a ship or its safe route. The work presents authors’ methods for determining an effective ship domain based on tests using Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) simulator. The tests were conducted on non-autonomous real time models of ships steered by expert navigators. Domains were determined for ships of different sizes and speeds. The ship domain was approximated to an ellipse. The study covered absolute and relative domains, the latter defined in ship length units. The dependence of the domain shape and size on ship size and speed has been analysed and described. The formulated analytical relationships enable us to determine the domain of a ship varying in size and speed.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801820313305

DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108423

​Tytuł: Navigators’ Behavior Analysis Using Data Mining

Autor/Autorzy: Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Mirosław Wielgosz, Marcin Breitsprecher

Miejsce publikacji: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Rok: 2020

Słowa kluczowe: behavior patterns; sea navigation; safety profile; data mining

Abstrakt: One of the ways to prevent accidents at sea is to detect risks caused by humans and to counteract them. These tasks can be executed through an analysis of ship maneuvers and the identification of behavior considered to be potentially dangerous, e.g., based on data obtained online from the automatic identification system (AIS). As a result, additional measures or actions can be taken, e.g., passing at a distance greater than previously planned. The detection of risks at sea requires a prior definition of behavior patterns and the criteria assigned to them. Each pattern represents a specific navigator’s safety profile. The criteria assigned to each pattern for the identification of the navigator’s safety profile were determined from previously recorded AIS data. Due to a large amount of data and their complex relationships, these authors have proposed to use data mining tools. This work continues previous research on this subject. The conducted analysis covered data recorded in simulation tests done by navigators. Typical ship encounter situations were included. Based on additional simulation data, the patterns of behavior were verified for the determination of a navigator’s safety profile. An example of using the presented method is given.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/1/50

DOI: 10.3390/jmse8010050

Tytuł: Ship domainin various visibility conditions in restricted waters

Autor/Autorzy: Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Marek Siemianowicz, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: Annual of Navigation

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: navigational safety, restricted area, ship domain, visibility conditions

Abstrakt: Ship domain is one of navigational safety assessment criteria. Its shape and size depend on many factors, including visibility. This article examines the influence of visibility on the shape and dimensions of ship domain in restricted waters. The research was conducted using a simulator of the ECDIS system with the participation of experts’ navigators. The domains of ships in good and restricted visibility have been compared.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://annualofnavigation.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/3_PIETRZYKOI-INNI-AF_1806212059293802.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0003

​Tytuł: Navigation decision support for sea-going ships in port approach areas

Autor/Autorzy: Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Janusz Magaj, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 54/126

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: navigation, decision support, safety, approach area, ship domain, traffic monitoring, collision

avoidance

Abstrakt: Port approaches are high-traffic areas with limited manoeuvring space. Navigation in such areas requires the analysis of large amounts of information, which can impede decision processes. One solution may be the development of decision support systems dedicated to these areas. This paper presents an attempt to build a navigation decision support system operable in the approach area leading to the port of Świnoujście (Poland), with ship domain implemented as a safety criterion. Assumptions for a decision support system to be used by sea-going vessels in port approach areas are formulated and discussed. Specific features of these areas, such as traffic density, bathymetry, available manoeuvring space and legal limitations are taken into account. The source and scope of information available to the ship have been analysed. The scope of decision support has been defined. A ship domain has been proposed as a safety criterion. Approach areas leading to the port of Świnoujście have been investigated on the basis of real Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Vessel movement processes in the chosen area were analysed. Ship domains in various parts of the area were determined. The first results concerning criteria for navigational safety assessment are presented. The conducted studies showed significant differences in the size of domains. A case study was performed on a decision support system operable in the approach area leading to Świnoujście.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2477

DOI: 10.17402/288

​Tytuł: Analysis of the parameters influencing the suitability of a surface unit for search and rescue operations at sea

Autor/Autorzy: Grzegorz Bugajski, Marzena Małyszko, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 53/125

Rok: 2018

Słowa kluczowe: SAR operation, effectiveness, selection, coordination, risk, usefulness of unit

Abstrakt: Research studies have discussed the correct selection and choice of the optimal units for a specific type of search and rescue task. This article has described the characteristics and properties of merchant vessels that determine their potential for SAR (Search and Rescue) operation. An attempt was made to estimate the suitability of a craft according to its effectiveness and risk. This research may have an impact on improving the organization and coordination of search and rescue operations at sea. The authors have proposed criteria for evaluating merchant units during selection for planned SAR actions. A model for evaluating the suitability of a unit has been presented. It is a mathematical model with elements of expert knowledge. The model classifies attributes, taking into account the lower and upper risk limits and introducing a risk sensitivity factor. The article contains tables and graphs.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2450?show=full

DOI: 10.17402/277

​Tytuł: Wykorzystanie systemu AIS do selekcji i doboru jednostek nieratowniczych do akcji SAR

Autor/Autorzy: Marzena Małyszko, Grzegorz Bugajski, Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: Autobusy. Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: system AIS, system automatycznej identyfikacji statków, akcja poszukiwawczo-ratownicza, jednostki nieratownicze, akcja SAR

Abstrakt: W artykule autorzy analizują możliwość wykorzystania coraz powszechniej dostępnych danych z systemu AIS do celów planowania, prowadzenia i koordynacji akcji poszukiwawczo ratowniczych na morzu. Właściwy dobór adekwatnej jednostki do specyfiki akcji poszukiwawczo-ratowniczej może w znaczący sposób wpłynąć na jej skuteczność. Opracowana metoda filtracji danych AIS jest pomocna w selekcji jednostek nieratowniczych, które pod względem techniczno-eksploatacyjnym różnią się między sobą i w różnym stopni mogą być przydatne do konkretnej akcji SAR. W artykule omówiono działanie sytemu AIS, format pozyskiwanych danych oraz metodę ich dekodowania. Ponadto scharakteryzowano najważniejsze aspekty związane z selekcją i doborem jednostek nieratowniczych do celów akcji poszukiwawczo-ratowniczych w oparciu o dane AIS.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-c27968be-61cd-4abc-93de-96f7faa88855?q=0fbc8e35-aa01-4f0d-9451-e2aa42884fc8$1&qt=IN_PAGE

DOI: -

​Tytuł: Ship Domain in Open Sea Areas and Restricted Waters: an Analysis of Influence of the Available Maneuvering Area

Autor/Autorzy: Mirosław Wielgosz

Miejsce publikacji: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Rok: 2017

Słowa kluczowe: Ship Domain, Open Sea Areas, Restricted Waters, Available Maneuvering Area, Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), Navigational Safety Assessment, Safety at Sea, Simulation Method

Abstrakt: A ship domain is nowadays an important navigational safety assessment criterion. Its shape and size depend on many factors. The available maneuvering area seems to be one of the most important of them. This article examines the influence of the available manoeuvring area on the shape and size of ship domain in the open sea and restricted waters. The research was conducted using a simulation method. Expert navigators participated in simulations using the ECDIS system. The domains of ship passages in open sea area andrestricted area have been compared.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_Ship_Domain_in_Open_Sea_Areas_and_Wielgosz,41,704.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.11.01.11